• Finally we have determined for the first time

  2019-11-14

  

  Finally, we have determined for the first time that aromatase enzyme activity is necessary to observe IGF-1-dependent 486 2 receptor activation. Neuroestrogen synthesis has been shown to be important for the maintenance of synaptic spine density in hippocampal slice cultures (Kretz et al., 2004) and

• br The modulation of ER from SERMs to TSECs Continued

  2019-11-14

  

  The modulation of ERα: from SERMs to TSECs Continued efforts to provide women with efficacious menopausal therapies have generated interest in the development of selective y15 receptor modulators (SERMs). Similar to estrogens, SERMs have been shown to bind to ERs with high affinity, despite lacki

• br Conclusions Nanoparticles can be

  2019-11-14

  

  Conclusions Nanoparticles can be used to modulate the catalytic activity of various industrially and clinically useful enzymes, as well as pH, temperature and storage stabilities, which will enable the process to occur more efficiently and less costly. The interaction between an enzyme and nanopa

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We wish to

  2019-11-14

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. This work was supported by grants from the Jesús Gangoiti-Barrera Foundation, Gobierno Vasco (GIC07/84), MEC () and SAIOTEK (SA-2008/00046).

• The EGFR belongs to the

  2019-11-14

  

  The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), comprised of four members: EGFR (ErbB1, HER1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4) [24]. HER receptors are activated by a group of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands and undergo homo- or hetero-dimerization during th

• To elucidate whether the impact

  2019-11-14

  

  To elucidate whether the impact of hypoxia on EGFR expression is cell context specific or culturing density dependent, we chose the following cancer AZD2932 sale driven by EGFR and evaluated the EGFR expression after hypoxia treatment at different culturing density: a highly aggressive and poorly d

• Mulan is a mitochondrial protein and is

  2019-11-14

  

  Mulan is a mitochondrial protein and is exclusively localized in the OMM with its RING domain facing the cytosol [14]. Based on this topology, Mulan can provide a link between molecular events in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Mulan has been implicated in various processes including: mitochondrial

• More unusual modifications also regulate

  2019-11-14

  

  More unusual modifications also regulate DUBs. Recent reports have illustrated how reactive oxygen species (ROS) can regulate DUB activity 87, 88, 89, 90. ROS can serve as potent signaling molecules by reacting with active site cysteines of tyrosine phosphatases and some cysteine peptidases to form

• br Acknowledgements The authors are supported by National In

  2019-11-14

  

  Acknowledgements The authors are supported by National Institutes of Health grants (CA162804, CA92584, and CA13499 to DJC and CA166677 to BPPC) and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP110465 to DJC). The cellular response to DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is an essent

• A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking

  2019-11-14

  

  A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking end groups in order to make the termini of DSBs ligatable. A common non-ligatable end is one that contains either a 3′ phosphate or 5′ hydroxyl. The polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) is the NHEJ processing enzyme responsible for removing

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2019-11-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Human Chk, a member of the Csk-family, was initially cloned from two different megakaryocytic cell lines [2], [3]. Structural comparison of human Chk with human Csk shows that human Chk has the additional N-terminal unique domain [2], [3], [25]. Chk

• br Conclusions and future directions

  2019-11-13

  

  Conclusions and future directions In recent years we saw major advances in our knowledge of H2A-DUB biology, with discovery of novel mammalian H2A-DUBs, better understanding of their biochemical properties, and development of several animal models to address their in vivo functions. However at pr

• Our results are the first to demonstrate that ERR acts

  2019-11-13

  

  Our results are the first to demonstrate that ERRγ acts as a catabolic regulator of cartilage degeneration and OA pathogenesis, and collectively support the idea that ERRγ could be a therapeutic target for OA Introduction DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases (Dnmts) catalyze the methyl transfer fr

• MSCs are self renewing multipotent

  2019-11-13

  

  MSCs are self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells, with multilineage potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In addition, MSCs can migrate to sites of inflammation, supporting hematopoiesis and homeostatic maintenance. Given their unique therapeutic properties, M

• The Acat gene was identified by functional

  2019-11-13

  

  The Acat1 gene was identified by functional complementation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant lacking ACAT activity [12]. Unlike most other genes, human Acat1 is located in two different chromosomes, debio 1 and 7, with each site containing a distinct promoter: chromosome 1 contains exons 1–16

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