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gamma-Glu-Cys br METHODS br RESULTS br Discussion Numerous s
2022-04-02

METHODS RESULTS Discussion Numerous studies have proposed various hypotheses and models to explain how neuroinflammation could contribute to the chronic fatigue, postexertional fatigue, and cognitive deficits observed in patients with ME/CFS.12, 13, 14, 15 Although neuroimaging studies have
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction
2022-04-02

Conflicts of interest Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective in reducing mortality (Detels et al., 1998), and preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (CDC, 1994, Connor et al., 1994) and sexual transmission of HIV (Cohen et al., 2011). However, the optimal time to start
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Milligan et al demonstrated the important role of TNF IL
2022-04-02

Milligan et al. [31] demonstrated the important role of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal injection of gp120. Because of this work, we decide to produce and purify gp120 to develop biological systems to study pain and behavior in rodents. Intr
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Moreover we revealed that alanine and
2022-04-01

Moreover, we revealed that β-alanine and taurine, a structural analog of β-alanine, have different receptor affinity in the SG neurons of the spinal dorsal horn. Additionally, previous studies indicate that taurine regulates nociceptive information at the spinal cord level, and we have previously de
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The functionally crucial arginine within M is not encoded
2022-04-01

The functionally crucial arginine within M2 is not encoded by the gluR2 gene, but rather arises within the pre-mRNA by editing of a codon for the neutral glutamine residue25, 26. RNA editing at the Q/R site is specific to GluR2 and is extremely efficient. In neonatal and adult rat brain, almost 100%
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Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools in
2022-04-01

Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools in the study of human SCD pathogenesis [15], [16], and will continue to be central to development of novel approaches to disease treatment. The SAD mouse model of sickle disease is particularly remarkable for its erythrocyte dehydration phenot
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br Conflict of interest br Introduction Since
2022-04-01

Conflict of interest Introduction Since its discovery in 1958 [1]the Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux in human red blood catalase inhibitor (RBC) (further referred to as the Gárdos effect) has been extensively studied (see 2, 3for review) and has been helpful in understanding the role of the Ca2+-act
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FIPI receptor br Experimental section br Results and discuss
2022-04-01

Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusions To summarize, the act of conjugating a ASC ligands to a Ru(II) polypyridyl subunits resulted in a class of excellent DNA binders. A comparison of the DNA binding abilities of the free ASC ligand and the complexes, has revealed that the
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br Role of FPRs in regulating the inflammatory response Anne
2022-04-01

Role of FPRs in regulating the inflammatory response Annexin I is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein possessing both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity that might be mediated, in part, by FPR activation [35]. Expressed in a variety of cell types, annexin I is particularly abundant in neutrophils
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In recent years many studies have demonstrated that
2022-04-01

In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that the release of endogenous FPR ligands can influence severe diseases associated with inflammation, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)20, 21 and cancers, such as glioblastoma as well as gastric and colorectal cancer 22, 23, 24.
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FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can
2022-04-01

FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modulate numerous cellular functions. Fatty phalloidin derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes lysophosphatidic acid, spinhgosine-1-phosphate and others are well documented to carry out signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors
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Defining the cooperation between molecular pathways
2022-04-01

Defining the cooperation between molecular pathways within highly complex biological systems, such as those between immune cell networks and target tissues is certainly a hard task. Recently, there are many investigations in the pathogenesis of renal graft rejection, one of the most evident investig
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We also wonder what function s both FPPS
2022-04-01

We also wonder what function(s) both FPPS1 and FPPS2 genes had in leaf. As some research indicated that the alpha-farnesene was also detected in ripe leaf of crabapple (Malus sp.) (Wu et al., 2012), one or both of them may be related to the synthesis of alpha-farnesene in leaf. To our knowledge, the
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Importantly both genetic deletion and pharmacological
2022-04-01

Importantly, both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH also reduced NTG-induced neuronal hyperactivity in the trigeminal nucleus, which receives sensory input from craniofacial deep tissues. NTG is known to evoke the robust neuronal activation, as evidenced by the induction of the
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Sunitinib Although oxidative stress induces a decrease
2022-04-01

Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to
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